Senate panel addresses concern over wheat prices

WASHINGTON — A key regulator and industry executives are scheduled to appear before Congress amid concern over speculation in the wheat futures market that lawmakers say has artificially inflated prices, making it harder for farmers and grain processors to hedge against risk.

That can mean higher prices for consumers, a yearlong investigation by a Senate panel has found, and several senators have called on the government to restrict the volume of index trading in the wheat futures market on the Chicago Board of Trade.

Some analysts and lawmakers also blame the surge in popularity of commodity index funds for artificially boosting the prices of oil, gasoline, corn and other commodities.

Commodity indexes are made up of futures contracts for delivery in different months. Commodity index traders sell financial instruments whose values rise and fall along with the value of the index on which they are based.

Gary Gensler, chairman of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, recently opened an examination of whether the government should impose limits on the number of futures contracts in oil and other energy commodities held by speculative traders. Some senators also are seeking regulatory action on wheat futures.

Gensler is scheduled to testify Tuesday at a hearing of the investigative panel of the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee. Also slated to appear are executives of Sara Lee Corp., a major consumer of wheat; investment bank Goldman Sachs Group Inc.; the National Grain and Feed Association; and CME Group Inc., which owns the Chicago Board of Trade.

Subcommittee investigators found in a report released last month that speculation in the wheat futures market has disrupted normal price patterns and hurt the ability of farmers, grain processors and others to hedge against risk.

The findings take on added significance as Congress crafts sweeping new rules for financial markets.

Commodity index traders buy wheat futures to help offset their risk from selling the instruments to third parties. That pumps billions of dollars into the market and lifts demand and prices for wheat futures, the Senate investigation found. The trend has been especially pronounced since 2005.

The trading volume in wheat futures has created a large gap between prices in the futures and spot, or cash, markets. It has prevented the normal convergence between the two at the time when the futures contract expires and delivery is due, the report found.