Investors finally find good news on unemployment

NEW YORK — The economy’s most vexing problem, unemployment, is showing the first signs of easing. And Wall Street is celebrating.

Major stock indexes jumped more than 1 percent Friday after the government said the nation’s unemployment rate unexpectedly fell in July for the first time in 15 months and that employers cut fewer jobs. Bond prices fell, driving yields higher as investors left the safety of Treasurys.

The Labor Department report handed investors the best evidence yet that the economy could be climbing out of the recession. Analysts widely consider unemployment the biggest obstacle to a recovery in the economy, which is driven by consumer spending.

The surprise figures injected new life in a monthlong rally and provided validation for traders who have been betting since March that the economy is healing. The Dow Jones industrial average rose 114 points to cap its fourth straight weekly gain. The Dow is at its highest level since early November.

The government said employers shed 247,000 jobs in July, the fewest in a year. Economists had expected 320,000 lost jobs. The unemployment rate dropped to 9.4 percent from 9.5 percent in June, rather than rising to 9.6 percent as forecast.

“It really gave the market the proof that it needed to see,” said Burt White, chief investment officer at LPL Financial in Boston.

The report is often the most anticipated bit of economic news each month on Wall Street and nervousness about what it would reveal held stocks to modest moves most of the week. The exception came Monday when Ford Motor Co. said its monthly sales rose for the first time in nearly two years because the government’s cash for clunkers program was drawing customers. That, and good news about manufacturing, construction and banking, sent the Standard & Poor’s 500 index over 1,000 for the first time in nine months.

With the pop Friday, the S&P 500 index is up 14.9 percent in only four weeks and 49.4 percent from a 12-year low in early March.

Still, some analysts say the gains have come too quickly and question whether an economic rebound can ever live up to the expectations investors are now setting.

“We’ve run very fast, very quickly,” said Marc Harris, co-head of global research for RBC Capital Markets in New York. “I think we’re due to take a breath.”

The Dow rose 113.81, or 1.2 percent, to 9,370.07. The broader S&P 500 index gained 13.40, or 1.3 percent, to 1,010.48, while the Nasdaq composite index rose 27.09, or 1.4 percent, to 2,000.25.

About 2,300 stocks rose on the New York Stock Exchange, while about 700 fell. Consolidated volume rose to 7 billion shares from 6.8 billion Thursday.

For the week, the Dow added 2.2 percent, the S&P 500 index rose 2.3 percent and the Nasdaq rose 1.1 percent.

Meanwhile, bond prices fell as the jobs reading limited demand for the safety of government debt. The yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury note, which moves opposite its price, rose to 3.86 percent from 3.76 percent late Thursday.

Financial and retail stocks rallied Friday along with the broader market.

Insurer American International Group Inc. posted its first quarterly profit since 2007. The insurance giant, which is now majority owned by the government, rose $4.61, or 20.5 percent, to $27.14.

The jump in retail stocks came a day after many posted lackluster July sales. A drop in unemployment could make consumers feel more confident about making purchases, which could help the recovery along. Their spending accounts for more than two-thirds of U.S. economic activity. Macy’s Inc. rose 98 cents, or 6.5 percent, to $15.99.

Analysts say some of the market’s recent gains are tied to short-covering, in which investors have to buy stock after having earlier sold borrowed shares in a bet they would fall.

On other days, selling has been contained because investors don’t want to miss a rally that has surprised many traders with its strength. On Wednesday, the Dow fell only 39 points but it was the biggest drop in a month.

Investors will be looking for more insight into the economy when the Fed’s interest-rate committee concludes a two-day meeting on Wednesday. It is unclear when policymakers will decide the economy is strong enough to handle rate hikes that will be needed to keep inflation in check.

Light, sweet crude fell $1.01 to settle $70.93 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange.

The Russell 2000 index of smaller companies rose 14.78, or 2.7 percent, to 572.40.

The dollar mostly rose against other major currencies, while gold prices advanced.

Overseas markets also rallied on the U.S. jobs report. Britain’s FTSE 100 rose 0.9 percent, Germany’s DAX index gained 1.7 percent, and France’s CAC-40 rose 1.3 percent. Early Friday, Japan’s Nikkei stock average closed with a gain of 0.2 percent.

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The Dow Jones industrial average closed the week up 198.46, or 2.2 percent, at 9,370.07. The Standard & Poor’s 500 index rose 23.00, or 2.3 percent, to 1,010.48. The Nasdaq composite index rose 21.75, or 1.1 percent, to 2,000.25.

The Russell 2000 index, which tracks the performance of small company stocks, rose 15.69, or 2.8 percent, for the week to 572.40.

The Dow Jones U.S. Total Stock Market Index — which measures nearly all U.S.-based companies — ended at 10,416.26, up 269.24, or 2.7 percent, for the week. A year ago, the index was at 12,905.73.