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One of the world's most powerful supercomputers has simulated a moment in the life of a real virus.�䤤�@�ӥ@�ɤW�̱j�j���W�ŭp����������ɨ�A�b�ͩR���@�ӯu�����f�r�C The simulation is the first to capture a whole biological organism in such intricate molecular detail.��u�O����������ӥͪ�������A�b�o�ؿ�������l�Ӹ`�C

"Computational Biology has finally reached the level of sophistication and utility of the 1970��s video game Pong. ���p��ͪ��ǡA�ש�F�쪺��i�����M��Ω�1970�~�����W�C�����C

But it sounds like we should reach beyond Space Invaders and Pac Man levels in 5 years�K.��ť�_�ӴN���ڭ����ӹF��W�V�Ŷ��I���̩M�U�ŬF���b�ةe��|���k�l�b���~�K �K �C Maybe we��ll actually have the bioinfo equivalent of Excel by then."�]�\�ڭ̷|��꦳bioinfo�۷��Excel���A�M�ᡧ �C

Running on a machine at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, the program calculated how each of the million or so atoms in the virus and a surrounding drop of salt water was interacting with almost every other atom every femtosecond, or millionth of a billionth of a second.�B��b�@�x�����b��a�W�ŭp�����Τ��ߡA�̤گǡA�ӭp���O�p��p�⪺�C�ʸU�Ψϭ�l�����f�r�M�P�򪺤@�w�Q���O���ʪ��X�G�C�@�Ө�L��l�C����A�ΦʸU�����@�@��1000000000����1�@�����C

The team managed to model the entire virus in action for 50 billionths of a second.�ζ��޲z�ҫ��A��ӯf�r�b���1000000000����50�@�����C Such a task would take a desktop computer around 35 years, says Schulten.�o�ˤ@�����ȱN�Ĩ��W���q����35�~�ӡA��schulten �C "This is just a first glimpse," he says. ���o�u�O�Ĥ@���ݨ�A ���L���C "But it looks gorgeous." ����ݰ_�ӵ��R�� �C

The model shows that the virus coat collapses without its genetic material.�Ӽҫ����A�ӯf�r�~�߱Y��A���g���Ǫ���C This suggests that, when reproducing, the virus builds its coat around the genetic material rather than inserting the genetic material into a complete coat.�o���A��ƻs�A�f�r�إߦۤv���~��A�P�򪺿�Ǫ���A�Ӥ��O���J����Ǫ���A�@�ӧ��㪺�j��C "We saw something that is truly revolutionary," Schulten says. ���ڭ̬ݨ쪺�F��O�u�������R�� �A schulten���C

Ultimately, computational biologists would like to simulate larger viruses such as influenza or the complex biological systems in a cell - and for longer periods, such as the thousandths of a second that it might take to observe proteins in a cell switch a gene off.�̲סA�p��ͪ��Ǯa�Q������j���f�r�A�p�y�P�A�ν���ͪ��t�Φb�@�Өc��-�M���ɶ��A�p�H�d�����@�ĤG�A���i��Ĩ��[��J�ս�b�ӭM���]�p�d�C These computer models should allow researchers to discover details about such processes that they may miss by observing a real virus.�o�ǭp����ҫ����Ӥ��\��s�H��o�{�A�ԲӤF�ѳo�عL�{�A�L�̥i��|��q�L�[��@�ӯu�����f�r�C

But such simulations will not become possible until the next generation of supercomputers are built in the next five years, Schulten says.��o�ؼ����N���|�����i��A����U�@�N���W�ŭp����O�إߦb���Ӥ��~���A schulten���C

Source:��ƨӷ��G Nature�ʽ�